rocket-chip/src/main/scala/rocket/BTB.scala

// See LICENSE.Berkeley for license details.
// See LICENSE.SiFive for license details.

package freechips.rocketchip.rocket

import Chisel._
import Chisel.ImplicitConversions._
import freechips.rocketchip.config.Parameters
import freechips.rocketchip.subsystem.CacheBlockBytes
import freechips.rocketchip.tile.HasCoreParameters
import freechips.rocketchip.util._

case class BHTParams(
  nEntries: Int = 512,
  counterLength: Int = 1,
  historyLength: Int = 8,
  historyBits: Int = 3)

case class BTBParams(
  nEntries: Int = 28,
  nMatchBits: Int = 14,
  nPages: Int = 6,
  nRAS: Int = 6,
  bhtParams: Option[BHTParams] = Some(BHTParams()),
  updatesOutOfOrder: Boolean = false)

trait HasBtbParameters extends HasCoreParameters {
  val btbParams = tileParams.btb.getOrElse(BTBParams(nEntries = 0))
  val matchBits = btbParams.nMatchBits max log2Ceil(p(CacheBlockBytes) * tileParams.icache.get.nSets)
  val entries = btbParams.nEntries
  val updatesOutOfOrder = btbParams.updatesOutOfOrder
  val nPages = (btbParams.nPages + 1) / 2 * 2 // control logic assumes 2 divides pages
}

abstract class BtbModule(implicit val p: Parameters) extends Module with HasBtbParameters
abstract class BtbBundle(implicit val p: Parameters) extends ParameterizedBundle()(p)
  with HasBtbParameters

class RAS(nras: Int) {
  def push(addr: UInt): Unit = {
    when (count < nras) { count := count + 1 }
    val nextPos = Mux(Bool(isPow2(nras)) || pos < nras-1, pos+1, UInt(0))
    stack(nextPos) := addr
    pos := nextPos
  }
  def peek: UInt = stack(pos)
  def pop(): Unit = when (!isEmpty) {
    count := count - 1
    pos := Mux(Bool(isPow2(nras)) || pos > 0, pos-1, UInt(nras-1))
  }
  def clear(): Unit = count := UInt(0)
  def isEmpty: Bool = count === UInt(0)

  private val count = Reg(UInt(width = log2Up(nras+1)))
  private val pos = Reg(UInt(width = log2Up(nras)))
  private val stack = Reg(Vec(nras, UInt()))
}

class BHTResp(implicit p: Parameters) extends BtbBundle()(p) {
  val history = UInt(width = btbParams.bhtParams.map(_.historyLength).getOrElse(1))
  val value = UInt(width = btbParams.bhtParams.map(_.counterLength).getOrElse(1))
  def taken = value(0)
  def strongly_taken = value === 1
}

// BHT contains table of 2-bit counters and a global history register.
// The BHT only predicts and updates when there is a BTB hit.
// The global history:
//    - updated speculatively in fetch (if there's a BTB hit).
//    - on a mispredict, the history register is reset (again, only if BTB hit).
// The counter table:
//    - each counter corresponds with the address of the fetch packet ("fetch pc").
//    - updated when a branch resolves (and BTB was a hit for that branch).
//      The updating branch must provide its "fetch pc".
class BHT(params: BHTParams)(implicit val p: Parameters) extends HasCoreParameters {
  def index(addr: UInt, history: UInt) = {
    def hashHistory(hist: UInt) = if (params.historyLength == params.historyBits) hist else {
      val k = math.sqrt(3)/2
      val i = BigDecimal(k * math.pow(2, params.historyLength)).toBigInt
      (i.U * hist)(params.historyLength-1, params.historyLength-params.historyBits)
    }
    def hashAddr(addr: UInt) = {
      val hi = addr >> log2Ceil(fetchBytes)
      hi(log2Ceil(params.nEntries)-1, 0) ^ (hi >> log2Ceil(params.nEntries))(1, 0)
    }
    hashAddr(addr) ^ (hashHistory(history) << (log2Up(params.nEntries) - params.historyBits))
  }
  def get(addr: UInt): BHTResp = {
    val res = Wire(new BHTResp)
    res.value := table(index(addr, history))
    res.history := history
    res
  }
  def updateTable(addr: UInt, d: BHTResp, taken: Bool): Unit = {
    table(index(addr, d.history)) := (params.counterLength match {
      case 1 => taken
      case 2 => Cat(taken ^ d.value(0), d.value === 1 || d.value(1) && taken)
    })
  }
  def resetHistory(d: BHTResp): Unit = {
    history := d.history
  }
  def updateHistory(addr: UInt, d: BHTResp, taken: Bool): Unit = {
    history := Cat(taken, d.history >> 1)
  }
  def advanceHistory(taken: Bool): Unit = {
    history := Cat(taken, history >> 1)
  }

  private val table = Mem(params.nEntries, UInt(width = params.counterLength))
  val history = Reg(UInt(width = params.historyLength))
}

object CFIType {
  def SZ = 2
  def apply() = UInt(width = SZ)
  def branch = 0.U
  def jump = 1.U
  def call = 2.U
  def ret = 3.U
}

// BTB update occurs during branch resolution (and only on a mispredict).
//  - "pc" is what future fetch PCs will tag match against.
//  - "br_pc" is the PC of the branch instruction.
class BTBUpdate(implicit p: Parameters) extends BtbBundle()(p) {
  val prediction = new BTBResp
  val pc = UInt(width = vaddrBits)
  val target = UInt(width = vaddrBits)
  val taken = Bool()
  val isValid = Bool()
  val br_pc = UInt(width = vaddrBits)
  val cfiType = CFIType()
}

// BHT update occurs during branch resolution on all conditional branches.
//  - "pc" is what future fetch PCs will tag match against.
class BHTUpdate(implicit p: Parameters) extends BtbBundle()(p) {
  val prediction = new BHTResp
  val pc = UInt(width = vaddrBits)
  val branch = Bool()
  val taken = Bool()
  val mispredict = Bool()
}

class RASUpdate(implicit p: Parameters) extends BtbBundle()(p) {
  val cfiType = CFIType()
  val returnAddr = UInt(width = vaddrBits)
}

//  - "bridx" is the low-order PC bits of the predicted branch (after
//     shifting off the lowest log(inst_bytes) bits off).
//  - "mask" provides a mask of valid instructions (instructions are
//     masked off by the predicted taken branch from the BTB).
class BTBResp(implicit p: Parameters) extends BtbBundle()(p) {
  val cfiType = CFIType()
  val taken = Bool()
  val mask = Bits(width = fetchWidth)
  val bridx = Bits(width = log2Up(fetchWidth))
  val target = UInt(width = vaddrBits)
  val entry = UInt(width = log2Up(entries + 1))
  val bht = new BHTResp
}

class BTBReq(implicit p: Parameters) extends BtbBundle()(p) {
   val addr = UInt(width = vaddrBits)
}

// fully-associative branch target buffer
// Higher-performance processors may cause BTB updates to occur out-of-order,
// which requires an extra CAM port for updates (to ensure no duplicates get
// placed in BTB).
class BTB(implicit p: Parameters) extends BtbModule {
  val io = new Bundle {
    val req = Valid(new BTBReq).flip
    val resp = Valid(new BTBResp)
    val btb_update = Valid(new BTBUpdate).flip
    val bht_update = Valid(new BHTUpdate).flip
    val bht_advance = Valid(new BTBResp).flip
    val ras_update = Valid(new RASUpdate).flip
    val ras_head = Valid(UInt(width = vaddrBits))
    val flush = Bool().asInput
  }

  val idxs = Reg(Vec(entries, UInt(width=matchBits - log2Up(coreInstBytes))))
  val idxPages = Reg(Vec(entries, UInt(width=log2Up(nPages))))
  val tgts = Reg(Vec(entries, UInt(width=matchBits - log2Up(coreInstBytes))))
  val tgtPages = Reg(Vec(entries, UInt(width=log2Up(nPages))))
  val pages = Reg(Vec(nPages, UInt(width=vaddrBits - matchBits)))
  val pageValid = Reg(init = UInt(0, nPages))

  val isValid = Reg(init = UInt(0, entries))
  val cfiType = Reg(Vec(entries, CFIType()))
  val brIdx = Reg(Vec(entries, UInt(width=log2Up(fetchWidth))))

  private def page(addr: UInt) = addr >> matchBits
  private def pageMatch(addr: UInt) = {
    val p = page(addr)
    pageValid & pages.map(_ === p).asUInt
  }
  private def idxMatch(addr: UInt) = {
    val idx = addr(matchBits-1, log2Up(coreInstBytes))
    idxs.map(_ === idx).asUInt & isValid
  }

  val r_btb_update = Pipe(io.btb_update)
  val update_target = io.req.bits.addr

  val pageHit = pageMatch(io.req.bits.addr)
  val idxHit = idxMatch(io.req.bits.addr)

  val updatePageHit = pageMatch(r_btb_update.bits.pc)
  val (updateHit, updateHitAddr) =
    if (updatesOutOfOrder) {
      val updateHits = (pageHit << 1)(Mux1H(idxMatch(r_btb_update.bits.pc), idxPages))
      (updateHits.orR, OHToUInt(updateHits))
    } else (r_btb_update.bits.prediction.entry < entries, r_btb_update.bits.prediction.entry)

  val useUpdatePageHit = updatePageHit.orR
  val usePageHit = pageHit.orR
  val doIdxPageRepl = !useUpdatePageHit
  val nextPageRepl = Reg(UInt(width = log2Ceil(nPages)))
  val idxPageRepl = Cat(pageHit(nPages-2,0), pageHit(nPages-1)) | Mux(usePageHit, UInt(0), UIntToOH(nextPageRepl))
  val idxPageUpdateOH = Mux(useUpdatePageHit, updatePageHit, idxPageRepl)
  val idxPageUpdate = OHToUInt(idxPageUpdateOH)
  val idxPageReplEn = Mux(doIdxPageRepl, idxPageRepl, UInt(0))

  val samePage = page(r_btb_update.bits.pc) === page(update_target)
  val doTgtPageRepl = !samePage && !usePageHit
  val tgtPageRepl = Mux(samePage, idxPageUpdateOH, Cat(idxPageUpdateOH(nPages-2,0), idxPageUpdateOH(nPages-1)))
  val tgtPageUpdate = OHToUInt(pageHit | Mux(usePageHit, UInt(0), tgtPageRepl))
  val tgtPageReplEn = Mux(doTgtPageRepl, tgtPageRepl, UInt(0))

  when (r_btb_update.valid && (doIdxPageRepl || doTgtPageRepl)) {
    val both = doIdxPageRepl && doTgtPageRepl
    val next = nextPageRepl + Mux[UInt](both, 2, 1)
    nextPageRepl := Mux(next >= nPages, next(0), next)
  }

  val repl = new PseudoLRU(entries)
  val waddr = Mux(updateHit, updateHitAddr, repl.replace)
  val r_resp = Pipe(io.resp)
  when (r_resp.valid && r_resp.bits.taken || r_btb_update.valid) {
    repl.access(Mux(r_btb_update.valid, waddr, r_resp.bits.entry))
  }

  when (r_btb_update.valid) {
    val mask = UIntToOH(waddr)
    idxs(waddr) := r_btb_update.bits.pc(matchBits-1, log2Up(coreInstBytes))
    tgts(waddr) := update_target(matchBits-1, log2Up(coreInstBytes))
    idxPages(waddr) := idxPageUpdate +& 1 // the +1 corresponds to the <<1 on io.resp.valid
    tgtPages(waddr) := tgtPageUpdate
    cfiType(waddr) := r_btb_update.bits.cfiType
    isValid := Mux(r_btb_update.bits.isValid, isValid | mask, isValid & ~mask)
    if (fetchWidth > 1)
      brIdx(waddr) := r_btb_update.bits.br_pc >> log2Up(coreInstBytes)

    require(nPages % 2 == 0)
    val idxWritesEven = !idxPageUpdate(0)

    def writeBank(i: Int, mod: Int, en: UInt, data: UInt) =
      for (i <- i until nPages by mod)
        when (en(i)) { pages(i) := data }

    writeBank(0, 2, Mux(idxWritesEven, idxPageReplEn, tgtPageReplEn),
      Mux(idxWritesEven, page(r_btb_update.bits.pc), page(update_target)))
    writeBank(1, 2, Mux(idxWritesEven, tgtPageReplEn, idxPageReplEn),
      Mux(idxWritesEven, page(update_target), page(r_btb_update.bits.pc)))
    pageValid := pageValid | tgtPageReplEn | idxPageReplEn
  }

  io.resp.valid := (pageHit << 1)(Mux1H(idxHit, idxPages))
  io.resp.bits.taken := true
  io.resp.bits.target := Cat(pages(Mux1H(idxHit, tgtPages)), Mux1H(idxHit, tgts) << log2Up(coreInstBytes))
  io.resp.bits.entry := OHToUInt(idxHit)
  io.resp.bits.bridx := (if (fetchWidth > 1) Mux1H(idxHit, brIdx) else UInt(0))
  io.resp.bits.mask := Cat((UInt(1) << ~Mux(io.resp.bits.taken, ~io.resp.bits.bridx, UInt(0)))-1, UInt(1))
  io.resp.bits.cfiType := Mux1H(idxHit, cfiType)

  // if multiple entries for same PC land in BTB, zap them
  when (PopCountAtLeast(idxHit, 2)) {
    isValid := isValid & ~idxHit
  }
  when (io.flush) {
    isValid := 0
  }

  if (btbParams.bhtParams.nonEmpty) {
    val bht = new BHT(btbParams.bhtParams.get)
    val isBranch = (idxHit & cfiType.map(_ === CFIType.branch).asUInt).orR
    val res = bht.get(io.req.bits.addr)
    when (io.bht_advance.valid) {
      bht.advanceHistory(io.bht_advance.bits.bht.taken)
    }
    when (io.bht_update.valid) {
      when (io.bht_update.bits.branch) {
        bht.updateTable(io.bht_update.bits.pc, io.bht_update.bits.prediction, io.bht_update.bits.taken)
        when (io.bht_update.bits.mispredict) {
          bht.updateHistory(io.bht_update.bits.pc, io.bht_update.bits.prediction, io.bht_update.bits.taken)
        }
      }.elsewhen (io.bht_update.bits.mispredict) {
        bht.resetHistory(io.bht_update.bits.prediction)
      }
    }
    when (!res.taken && isBranch) { io.resp.bits.taken := false }
    io.resp.bits.bht := res
  }

  if (btbParams.nRAS > 0) {
    val ras = new RAS(btbParams.nRAS)
    val doPeek = (idxHit & cfiType.map(_ === CFIType.ret).asUInt).orR
    io.ras_head.valid := !ras.isEmpty
    io.ras_head.bits := ras.peek
    when (!ras.isEmpty && doPeek) {
      io.resp.bits.target := ras.peek
    }
    when (io.ras_update.valid) {
      when (io.ras_update.bits.cfiType === CFIType.call) {
        ras.push(io.ras_update.bits.returnAddr)
      }.elsewhen (io.ras_update.bits.cfiType === CFIType.ret) {
        ras.pop()
      }
    }
  }
}